Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Polytechnic College, Coimbatore - 641 020

Highway Maintenance Highway maintenance involves the practice of preserving the operational quality of existing roads to ensure smooth traffic flow. It holds a crucial significance in extending the lifespan of highways while also contributing to decreased fuel consumption by vehicles and the prevention of tire wear and tear. Need for Highway Maintenance Guaranteeing the secure and comfortable conveyance of passengers and goods, uninterrupted. Regular road maintenance prevents accidents resulting from deteriorated and faulty road conditions. Ensuring safe and seamless traffic flow necessitates consistent road upkeep. Extending the longevity of roads through effective maintenance practices. Enhancing road user safety and curbing improper traffic movement. Regular maintenance of road components such as pavements, drains, shoulders, and edges yields superior service to road users . Components of Road Maintenance Road maintenance encompasses a variety of functions, each contributing

Nowadays due to increased urbanization and industrialization, there is a tremendous increase in noise pollution. Noise is an unwanted sound. It creates a huge discomfort to the occupants in the building. There are many structures like schools, corporate offices, and residential buildings that are constructed nearby highways faces a huge problem of noise pollution due to heavy traffic. So it is necessary that structures should be constructed in such a way that they should resist noise and keep the internal environment soundproof. It is today’s need that we should design and planned structures for better Acoustic control. Acoustic of Buildings Acoustic control of Buildings is the science of controlling the unwanted noise in the living environment. It is a minimization of sound transmission from one place to another place and the control of the characteristics of sound. It is an implementation of techniques for making structure soundproof structures. This is an economical method that

What is River Restoration? River restoration is the process of managing rivers to reinstate natural processes to restore biodiversity, providing benefits to both people and wildlife. Reintroducing natural processes can reshape rivers to provide the diversity of habitats required for a healthy river ecosystem and ensure their long-term recovery by addressing the root cause of the issue. Some rivers have been extensively modified to accommodate societal needs for food production, flood protection and economic activity so it is not always possible or desirable to restore to a pristine condition. In this case, improvement of river structure and habitats within the adjacent constraints can increase overall biodiversity and mitigate some issues. “River restoration is the re-establishment of natural physical processes (e.g. variation of flow and sediment movement), features (e.g. sediment sizes and river shape) and physical habitats of a river system (including submerged, bank and floodplain are

Underwater Windmill : Working & Its Applications Generally, windmills only produce mechanical power of their tasks like plumbing or granting of water. Windmills are connected to a  generator  for electricity generation. The first underwater windmill was invented by Charles F Brush to generate electric energy. There are different kinds of  renewable energy  sources available like solar, tidal, wind, hydro & geothermal. Ocean energy refers to a range of technologies that use the ocean like wave energy converters, offshore wind, tidal or current, and OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion).  What is Underwater Windmill? Generally, windmills remove power from the energy of wind. Similarly, underwater windmills or tidal stream turbines extract energy from the ocean water flow. Windmill uses kinetic energy (KE) of the flowing water while wind blades utilize moving air. As compared to a normal windmill, the working principle of the underwater windmill is similar. A set of blades w

Natural Disaster A natural disaster is a disaster caused by nature, and men have no control over them. Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, hurricanes, wildfires, droughts, volcanic eruptions are some examples of natural disasters. Such disusters cause massive loss of life, property, and many other miseries. Let's look at some of these examples in more details to have a better idea about. the caused by natural disasters. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters that occur in many regions of the world every year. Flood can be defined as a rising and overflowing of a body of water onto normally dry land. Heavy rainfall in a short duration of time can result in a flood. Although the loss of lives. in a flood may be not as high as a tsunami or earthquake, floods result in many long term problems. Damage to human properties (houses, roads, bridges, power lines, etc.), shortage of food and drinking water, destruction of forests and animals, the spread of diseases, soil e

‘The Taj!’ WONDER  |  The Making of ‘The Taj’ The Taj Mahal is actually an integrated complex of structures with the white domed marble mausoleum being its most significant component. Entrusted to a board-of-architects by the Emperor Shah Jahan, the construction of the Taj Complex began about 1631 AD. The principal mausoleum was completed in 1648 AD by employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen, whereas, the outlying buildings and gardens were finished five years later in 1653 AD. The Taj, the ultimate expression of love speaks volumes of indulgence coming from an overflowing treasury and political security of that era and much more by way of the finesse in art and science of architecture. Herringbone inlays define the space between many of the adjoining elements. White inlays are used in sandstone buildings, and dark or black inlays on the whitemarbles. Mortared areas of the marble buildings have been stained or painted in a contrasting colour, creating geometric patterns of cons

W ater and sanitation under emergencies Joint rapid assessment of needs, current level of access, and gaps should be conducted by a team of relevant stakeholders including the users, to the extent possible Do not implement parallel services; to the extent possible, include and build on existing services, facilitate early inclusive delivery of assistance, collaboration and coordination mechanisms among local authorities, service providers, and users Prioritize age, gender and diversity (AGD) sensitive life-saving interventions, and regularly monitor and report on the WASH situation as well as key WASH indicators Integrate environmental considerations in the initial WASH assessment and consider climate and environmentally friendly options to the extent possible Seek the support of and complementarity with other agencies specialized in the area of WASH, including relevant authorities, local service providers and development actors, which can support emergency responses and beyond. 

What Is Water Conservation? Water conservation is the practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage. According to  Fresh Water Watch , water conservation is important because fresh clean water is a limited resource, as well as a costly one. As a homeowner, you’re probably already well aware of the financial costs of inefficient water use. Conservation of this natural resource is critical for the environment — and our wallets. How to save water: 10 tips for saving water around the home The majority of household water use comes from toilets, washing machines, showers, baths, faucets and leaks, but what you can do to save water is fairly simple. These 10 water-saving tips will put you on the path to conserving water in your household. Use the right amount of water for each  load of laundry . Typically 15-40 percent of indoor home water use comes from doing laundry. Save water by making sure to adjust the settings on your machine to the proper load size. Pick your

Traffic Engineering Design Execution 1. Construction Phase When building or improving a traffic system, the traffic engineer needs to consider the construction phase carefully. Most want to avoid detours, using different techniques to control traffic through the area as work is conducted. If they find a detour is necessary, they’ll need to study the area to find the best options for a route. They’ll need to create a timeline for the project’s construction and ensure the timeline is adhered to while also keeping workers and drivers in the area safe. They’ll need to decide what lanes will be closed and when, as well as the speed limits while workers are present. 2. Implementation Phase With construction underway, the implementation phase begins. Traffic engineers will need to oversee construction every step of the way and help handle any issues that arise. The engineers will work closely with the people they’ve commissioned to ensure all goes smoothly and will make adjustments to th

Pre-Design Considerations Site Analysis Before creating a design, traffic engineers need to conduct a site analysis to determine what needs the site may have for the area’s traffic. They will need to take note of the surrounding area – businesses, schools, railways, protected lands, etc. – and investigate any local policies that might affect their work.  Traffic Surveys A traffic survey is a survey conducted by traffic engineers to determine how traffic moves through a particular area. These usually take 2-4 days per intersection to complete and need to occur throughout the day to ensure both peak and non-peak hours are factored in. One of the most popular ways a traffic survey is conducted is with the use of rubber hoses. These hoses run across the road and connect to a meter that counts each vehicle that passes while also determining what type of vehicle it is. These hoses also collect data on what speed the vehicle is going when it passes over the hose.  Traffic engineers will als

What is Traffic Engineering Design? To understand a traffic engineering design, you first need to understand what a traffic engineer is. Simply put, a traffic engineer is a qualified engineer who studies, analyzes, and develops road projects. Traffic engineering design is the final of those three options – developing. It is a traffic engineer’s job when designing to create a transportation system that is safe and efficient. Taking a variety of factors into consideration – such as needed intersections, surrounding buildings, and the volume of traffic in the area – a traffic engineer will design a transportation system that is both efficient and safe. Key Elements of Traffic Engineering Design Traffic Flow When a traffic engineer is designing a transportation system, they need to understand the volume of traffic in the area and consider how their new or improved roadways will handle it. Parts of the design like signs, signals, extra lanes, and speed limits will all impact traffic flo

Sewer appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system which are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. Following are the important sewer appurtenances:  1. Inlets  2. Catch Basins or Catch Pits 3.Manholes  4.Lamp-Holes 5. Flushing Devices 6.Grease and Oil Traps 1. Inlets : Inlets are the devices meant to admit storm water (or rain water) and surface wash flowing along the roads/streets and convey the same to storm water sewers or combined sewers.  An inlet is a small box like chamber made of brickwork or concrete, having an opening at the top in vertical or horizontal direction for the entry of storm water (or rain water) and surface wash.  The water from this chamber leaves through an outlet provided at its bottom and carried by a pipeline to a nearby manhole. Inlets are of three types  (i) Curb Inlets (ii) Gutter Inlets and (iii) Combination Inlets (i) Curb Inlets : Curb inlets (also