Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Polytechnic College, Coimbatore - 641 020

  Sir M. Visvesvaraya, a renowned Indian engineer and statesman, was responsible for numerous major projects in water management, urban planning, and industrial development. His work was instrumental in the modernization of India, especially during his time as the Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918.   Dams and water management Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) Dam:  One of his most notable achievements, Visvesvaraya served as the chief engineer for this dam across the Kaveri River in Mysore (now Karnataka). The project transformed the region's agricultural landscape by providing water for irrigation, generating hydroelectric power, and supplying drinking water. Automated floodgates:  Visvesvaraya invented and patented an innovative system of automatic weir water floodgates. This design was first implemented in 1903 at the  Khadakwasla Dam near Pune . This technology prevents reservoirs from overflowing during floods by automatically opening and closing, a design later us...

The main types of prisms used in total stations are standard prisms, 360° prisms, and monitoring prisms, each suited for different applications. Standard prisms are for conventional surveying, 360° prisms allow for one-person, automated operation with robotic total stations, and monitoring prisms are used for tracking movement of structures. Mini prisms, which are smaller versions, are also commonly used for increased accuracy at shorter distances.  Standard prisms Purpose: Traditional surveying tasks where a surveyor points the prism at the total station. Description: Have a single reflective surface and are designed to be aimed at the instrument. Best for: High-distance applications and when a second person is available to move the target.  360° prisms  Purpose: Automated tracking with robotic total stations, where the instrument can find and follow the prism on its own. Description: Reflect signals from all directions, meaning they do not need to be precisely aimed at ...

M-sand is manufactured sand produced from crushed hard rock, characterized by its cubical shape, consistency, and low impurities, which leads to stronger concrete. Key properties include a specific gravity of approximately 2.73, a rough surface texture, and controlled particle size distribution. Common tests for M-sand include those for particle size and distribution, shape, chemical composition, and its effect on mortar and concrete properties like strength, workability, and shrinkage.  M-sand properties Source:  Crushed hard rocks like granite or basalt. Particle Shape:  Angular and cubical with grounded edges, which provides better bonding with cement than river sand. Impurities:  Free from clay, silt, and other organic or soluble compounds, resulting in higher quality concrete. Particle Size:  Typically ranges from 75 to 475 microns, with the size distribution controlled during manufacturing. Specific Gravity:  Varies depending on the parent...