How to draw a Bridge Drawing (Compiled by Arulanandan M)












 

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Instruments used for chain surveying -TS

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Instruments used for chain surveying             Classification of surveying:      Chain Surveying Compass Surveying   Plane Table Surveying   Tachometric Surveying Etc.     Instruments used for chain surveying: The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows.     Chain   Arrows   Pegs   Ranging Rods   Offset Rods   Plumb Bob   1.  Chain:   Chains are used to measure horizontal distances. Chains are formed of straight links of galvanized mild steel wire called links. The ends of each link are bent into a loop hand connected together by means of three oval rings which afford flexibility to the chain.           The chains made of mind steel. The ends of the chin are provided with brass handles for dragging the chain on the ground. The outside of the handle is the zero point or the end point of t...
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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF G.D NAIDU FLYOVER IN COIMBATORE

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The G.D. Naidu Elevated Bridge is a 10.10 km four-lane flyover in Coimbatore, India, costing approximately ₹1,791 crore, designed to significantly reduce travel time on the congested Avinashi Road by bypassing 12 intersections.  The construction features eight ramps for connectivity, roller crash barriers for safety, and environmental elements like 4,500 plants and 220 rainwater harvesting structures.  The project started in 2020 and was expedited after 2021, with the final inauguration taking place in October 2025.   Key Construction Details   Project Type:   Four-lane elevated flyover. Length :  Approximately 10.10 kilometers. Route :  Extends from Uppilipalayam to Goldwins, covering Avinashi Road. Purpose :  To decongest Avinashi Road by bypassing over 12 traffic intersections. Cost :  Estimated at around ₹1,791 crore. Timeline :  Announced in 2020, work was expedited after 2021, with inauguration in October 2025. Str...
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Different Types of Grades Used in Civil Engineering Construction -TS

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Different Types of Grades Used in Civil Engineering Construction In construction, grades indicate the strength, quality, or classification of materials. The most commonly used grades are: 1. Concrete Grades Concrete grades are represented by M , followed by the characteristic compressive strength at 28 days in N/mm². Grade Characteristic Strength Common Use M10 10 N/mm² PCC, levelling works M15 15 N/mm² PCC, flooring M20 20 N/mm² RCC residential works M25 25 N/mm² RCC structural works M30 30 N/mm² RCC, bridges, commercial buildings M35 35 N/mm² Heavy structural works M40 40 N/mm² High-strength structures M45 and above ≥45 N/mm² High-rise, bridges, special structures Example: M25 means concrete designed to achieve 25 N/mm² characteristic compressive strength at 28 days. 2. Cement Grades For Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) , common grades are: 33 Grade – 33 MPa 43 Grade – 43 MPa 53 Grade – 53 MPa ...
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