Posts

Showing posts from December, 2023

The Principle of Project Management

  The Principle of Project Management The subject of project management has recently become as a key concern in various engineering fields. The proliferation of mega [1] projects worldwide, aiming to take best advantage of the latest tech [1] no logical developments, itself demands new or improved methods of project management to cope with the fast developing. As the concept of a project differs fundamentally from that of daily or routine operations, it follows that a number of principles and conceptions of project management must also diverge from those followed in the realm of daily operations management. In operations management, production managers tend generally to focus on production / output volume per unit time — usually the current week compared to the previous week and-or the same week last year; profits accumulated and-or compared for the same time unit(s); sales or operational orders accumulated and-or com [1] pared for the same time unit(s); actual versus budgeted expend

What is a total station and how it works

Image
What is a total station and how it works A total station is a  theodolite  with an integrated distance meter that can measure angles and distances simultaneously. What is the difference between theodolite and total station? Theodolites measure horizontal and vertical angles only. Sometimes they are called tachymeters because we can calculate distances using geometric - trigonometric calculations by angular measurement through a graduated sight. A theodolite can be mechanical or electronic. A total station can measure angles and distances electronically and process trigonometrically to give us, at a minimum, position coordinates in space. Nowadays, all electronic total stations have an electronic optical distance meter (EDM) and an electronic angle meter, so that the bar codes of the horizontal and vertical circle scales can be read, displaying the angles and distances values digitally. The horizontal distance, height difference and bearings are calculated automatically. Wh

Steel vs. Wood Framing

Image
  Steel vs. Wood Framing: A Comparative Analysis for Building Durability When it comes to building a durable structure, the choice of framing material is one of the most important factors to consider. Wood and steel are two of the most common materials used for framing, but they have different advantages and disadvantages that affect their performance and longevity. In this blog post, we will compare and contrast wood and steel framing in terms of their durability, and offer some suggestions on how to improve it. Durability is the ability of a material to resist deterioration or damage from various influences, such as weather, insects, fire, moisture, corrosion, etc. Durability is influenced by both the inherent properties of the material and the external factors that affect it. For example, wood is a natural material that has a high strength-to-weight ratio, good thermal insulation, and easy workability. However, wood is also susceptible to decay, rot, mold, termites, and fire.

Plane table surveying

Image
  Plane table surveying is  a graphical method of survey in which the field observations and plotting are done simultaneously . It is simple and cheaper than Theodolite survey but it is mostly suitable for small scale survey. What are the situations where plane table survey is used? It can be useful in the following situations:    You need to perform small-scale surveying, like mapping out a field . You need to survey an industrial area where a compass survey doesn't get any result. You need to fill in details between survey stations that are fixed by a triangulation or theodolite traversing method.   What is alidade in plane table surveying?         (i)               An Alidade is  an instrument used for sighting the point in plane table surveying . (ii)                  One edge of the ruler is beveled or Fiducial and other is graduated (used for drawing line of sight). (iii)        It is a wooden or brass ruler of 50-60 cm in length. Two vanes are hinged at its