Types of Pressure Measuring Devices-TS

 

Types of Pressure Measuring Devices

Manometers

Manometers are simple devices that measure pressure by balancing it against a column of liquid, typically mercury or water. The height of the liquid column in the manometer is directly proportional to the pressure being measured. These are classified as follows-

• Simple manometer
• Differential manometer

Type of Simple Manometer

There are several types of simple manometers commonly used for pressure measurement.

Piezometer

A piezometer is the simplest form of a manometer used to measure gauge pressure. It consists of a glass tube with one end connected to the point where pressure is to be measured while the other end is open to the atmosphere. The rise of liquid in the tube indicates the pressure at that 

Point.

Single-Column Manometer

A single-column manometer is a modified version of the U-tube manometer. It includes a shallow reservoir with a larger cross-sectional area compared to the tube. One end of the reservoir is connected to one of the limbs, while the other limb may be vertical or inclined. The changes in liquid level in the reservoir are negligible, allowing direct measurement of pressure based on the height of the liquid in the other limb.

U-Tube Differential Manometer

A U-tube differential manometer is used to measure the pressure difference between two points or two different pipes. It consists of a bent glass tube with both ends connected to the points between which the pressure difference is to be measured.

Inverted U-Tube Differential Manometer

An inverted U-tube differential manometer is designed with an inverted U-shaped tube containing a liquid. The two ends of the tube are connected to the points where the pressure difference needs to be measured. It is commonly used for measuring low-pressure differences.

U-Tube Manometer

The U-tube manometer consists of a U-shaped glass tube partially filled with a liquid, such as mercury or water. One end of the tube is connected to the pressure source, while the other end is open to the atmosphere. The pressure difference causes the liquid levels in the two arms of the U-tube to rise or fall, indicating the pressure difference.

Inclined Manometer

An inclined manometer is similar to a U-tube manometer but with one arm of the U-tube inclined at an angle. This design allows for more sensitive measurements by increasing the displacement of the liquid column for a given pressure difference. The inclination provides a larger reading scale, making it easier to measure small pressure differences.

Pressure measuring devices are essential tools in various industries for ensuring safety, efficiency, and optimal system performance. Here are the main types of pressure measuring devices:

• Manometers: Used to measure low-pressure differentials, using gravity and a liquid column's displacement to indicate pressure. 

• Bourdon Tube Gauges: Consist of a flattened, curved tube that straightens as internal pressure increases, moving a needle on a calibrated scale. 

• Bellows and Diaphragm Gauges: Involves thin, flexible membranes or corrugated tubes that deform with applied pressure, the deflection being mechanically magnified and displayed. 

• Pressure Transducers: Convert pressure into a proportional electrical signal using piezoresistive or capacitive elements. 

• Pressure Sensors: Measure the physical pressure of gases or liquids via a sensor and output signal, used to control and monitor a wide range of everyday applications. 

• These devices are crucial for various applications, including fluid mechanics, medical applications, and industrial processes. Each type serves specific industrial and scientific purposes, and understanding these different types is essential for effective pressure measurement.