Application of GPS and GIS in Civil Engineering

 


Application of GPS in Civil Engineering

1. Geodetic Control Survey– GPS is the system created and maintained by the United States. GLONASS is the Russian counterpart to GPS. These two systems combined called as Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) and continue to advance and improve its capabilities which has become a common tool for surveying and can perform geodetic control surveying in a very short time as compared to classical terrestrial survey methods.

2. Cadastral Survey– Cadastral surveying is the survey related to land boundaries and subdivisions and is used for boundary determination. With GPS, the cadastral survey provides very accurate results, and since the major work of the land is on real estate so it is considered as the most important of all the types of surveys. GPS receivers proved to be of high accuracy of the measurements and faster alternatives.

3. Photogrammetry, Remote sensing and surveying– GPS is integrated into photogrammetry and it increases the ease of spatial data acquisition. In Remote Sensing, GPS can be used to yield applications in various fields like environmental modelling, Disaster mitigation, mobile mapping, etc. GPS receivers provide very accurate data and are widely used in surveying.

4. Navigation– GPS helps in determining the ground position of an object and helps in the navigation to any location.

Application of GIS in Civil Engineering

1. Remote Sensing – It gathers the information about an object ( It may be terrain, land, topography, hill etc.) without coming contact (physically) the object and this information or data is then used in GIS.

2. Transportation – GPS helps to review the existing infrastructure, involves surveys of roads. GIS integrates, manage, analyse and visualize the wide range of data sets.

3. Watershed analysis – Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are a type of raster GIS layer and it is used in Watershed analysis to delineate watersheds and to derive features such as streams, stream network, catchment areas, basin etc.

4. Pollution monitoring – Different types of data can be integrated and correlated with GIS like chemical, physical, demographic. All this information can be analysed and elaborated in order to derive thematic cartography which is then integrated with health data.

5. Resource management – GIS in natural resource management is being used in analysing, organizing, managing and monitoring the natural hazards. It provides spatial data of the disasters which are indicated through the GIS-based map.

6. Terrain mapping and analysis – Terrain Analysis is the analysis and interpretation of topographic features such as slope, elevation, contour lines, upslope, downslope, etc.  through GIS.

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