Types of pressure measuring devices

Types of Pressure Gauges

Depending on the usability and purpose whether it is for commercial purpose or industrial purpose, most common pressure gauges are designed. Some of the pressure gauges are:

  1. Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge
  2. Diaphragm Pressure Gauge
  3. Capsule Pressure Gauge
  4. Absolute Pressure Gauge
  5. Differential Pressure Gauge
  6. Bellows Pressure Gauge
  7. Manometer Pressure Gauge
  8. Piezometer Pressure Gauge

Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge

A bourdon tube is the most commonly used pressure gauge. It is a mechanical instrument that measures the pressure without an electric supply. It is made of steel to resist wear and corrosion. A bourdon tube pressure gauge can measure pressure from 0.6 to 7000 bar (8 to 10000 psi). It is compatible with liquid or gaseous media for vacuum, as well as low and high-pressure applications. It is a compact instrument that is ideal for heavy vibration application and dynamic pressure load. The bourdon tube pressure gauge is as shown below.

Diaphragm Pressure Gauge

It is the device used to measure the pressure of fluid in a system. It is purposefully designed to measure low-pressure intensities. A diaphragm pressure gauge is also known as a membrane pressure gauge. This device uses the deflection of a flexible thin membrane known as the diaphragm. The pressure is indicated by using a needle, which is moved with the help of pinion arrangement with the diaphragm.

Capsule Pressure Gauge

In this type of pressure gauge, two corrugated diaphragms are welded together at their periphery to form a capsule. This capsule is the main element in sensing the pressure. A hole is present in one of the diaphragms in the center which lets the medium enter. The diaphragms expand or contract upon the application of pressure. The capsule pressure gauge is used for calculating the pressure of gases and is utilised for calculating the pressure of substances with up to 600 mbar.

Absolute Pressure Gauges

These are the instruments ideally used to measure the pressure independent of the natural fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. A reference measure of vacuum is fixed to the side of the measuring element and is not subject to pressure. Hence, it has zero pressure with no variation. They are mainly used in scientific laboratories. Altitude does not affect the absolute pressure gauges, hence they are used in aeronautics, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, and distillation processes.

Differential Pressure Gauge

The difference between the pressure in two chambers separated by an element that moves back and forth according to the changes in pressure is measured by the differential pressure gauge. A diaphragm present in the differential pressure gauge separates the media chamber from the vacuum chamber. When the pressure increases, the diaphragm deforms into the vacuum chamber. The deformation and change are converted into a pressure value.

Bellows Pressure Gauge

Bellows pressure gauges are the devices used to measure low-pressure applications. The bellows in the devices are made of thin-walled springy metal connected tubes that form a shape similar to an accordion; this is sealed in the free end of the gauge.

Manometer Pressure Gauge

It is a device that is used to measure pressure on a fluid by balancing one column of fluid against the second column of fluid. One end of the tube in the manometer pressure gauge is connected to the place where pressure is to be measured, while the other end is open to the atmosphere.

The below figure depicts the simplest type of manometer pressure gauge that consists of a transparent tube in the form of a “U” partially filled with a manometric fluid like mercury.

Piezometer Pressure Gauge

A piezometer is a type of manometer that is designed to calculate the medium pressure range of liquids. A Piezometer pressure gauge is a simple glass tube that is opened at both ends. One end of the glass tube is connected to a pipeline where the pressure of a fluid is to be measured and the other end is open to the atmosphere. The tube is attached vertically such that the liquid in the pipe can rise into the tube. The pressure reading is indicated by the height of the fluid in the tube.

Applications of Pressure Gauge

Pressure gauges are used in various sectors in different applications.

  • Pressure gauges are used to measure the pressure of liquids, vapors, solids, and gases.
  • It is used for the inspection of air brakes on trucks.
  • Pressure gauges are used in chemical, petrochemical, sanitary, pharmaceutical, and process industries.
  • Pressure gauges are used in HVAC, refrigeration, ventilation, food, and beverage industries
  • They are also used in eliminating the potential leak paths.

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