WHAT IS FINE AGGREGATES



Fine aggregate, typically sand or crushed stone, refers to granular material with particles smaller than 4.75 mm (passing a #4 sieve) used in construction to fill voids, improve concrete's workability, density, strength, and finish, by creating a dense, compact mix with coarse aggregates. Essential properties include particle size (fineness modulus), shape, cleanliness, and specific gravity, with sources like natural river sand, crushed rock, or gravel. 
Key Characteristics
Size: Particles pass through a 4.75 mm sieve but are retained on a 75-micron sieve (or #200 sieve).
Composition: Usually silica (quartz) but can be other minerals; must be clean and free from clay, silt, or organic matter.
Fineness Modulus: A measure of average particle size, typically 2.3 to 3.1 for concrete. 
Role in Concrete
Void Filling: Fills the gaps between larger coarse aggregates, increasing density and reducing porosity.
Workability: Makes concrete easier to mix, place, and finish, contributing to a smoother surface.
Strength & Durability: Forms a more uniform matrix, improving overall structural integrity and resistance to elements. 
Common Types
Natural Sand: River sand or pit sand, naturally eroded.
Crushed Stone Sand: Finely crushed rock, like granite or limestone.
Crushed Gravel Sand: Crushed gravel particles. 

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