Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Polytechnic College, Coimbatore - 641 020

An Indian slum is a crowded, low-income urban settlement.  It typically lacks basic sanitation, safe water, and stable housing.  About one in six urban Indians lives in these areas. Despite severe overcrowding, these communities are major hubs for small businesses, recycling, and daily hard work.Slums are highly diverse. Some are small, temporary shelters, while others are massive "cities within cities" that drive local economies. Here are the most famous slums in India: Dharavi, Mumbai:  Often cited as one of the largest slums globally. It covers just over 2 square kilometers but houses nearly 1 million people.  It is a massive economic powerhouse with industries like leather, textiles, and recycling. Bhalswa, Delhi:  Located near a large waste landfill, this area is home to around 22,000 people and faces significant pollution challenges. Nochikuppam, Chennai:  A coastal settlement home to thousands of fishing families. Why do slums...

  Six Traits of a Good Engineer Robust Math Skills Engineers know that mathematical relationships form the building blocks of all that we see in nature. The famous British mathematician, engineer and computer scientist, Alan Turing, was so talented in math as a child that he could solve advanced math problems with little to no exposure to introductory calculus. He went on to make history breaking German code at Bletchley Park and inventing the “Turing Machine,” an electronic computer that could calculate anything provided it was given mathematical algorithms from which to learn a pattern of logic. Although Turing was an exceptional thinker, it’s safe to say math comes easily to most engineers.  Engineers  intuitively know that one way to really grasp something is to put it in mathematical terms. Creative Problem Solving The year is 1969. At Intel Corporation, Ted Hoff, a new employee, is given the daunting task of developing 12 different microchips, each with a...

Slum clearance involves two main methods:   complete removal and on-site improvement.   Complete removal tears down old buildings to rebuild. Improvement repairs existing homes and adds basic water and electrical services.  These methods are often guided by national or regional urban renewal laws. Here are the primary methods for dealing with slums in detail: 1. The Improvement Method (In-Situ Upgrading) This method upgrades the current area without forcing people to move. It is used when buildings are in decent shape and just need better basic services.What it involves: Paving roads, installing drainage systems, building public toilets, and adding clean water taps.Real-World Benefit: It causes very little disruption to daily life and daily jobs. 2. The Complete Removal Method This method completely clears a highly decayed or hazardous slum area. Dilapidated, unsafe buildings are torn down to make room for modern infrastructure, parks, or commerci...

  Is It Time for 3D Modeling? An overview of recent magazine covers would suggest that virtual reality technology is the latest marvel to hit the consumer market. Not too long ago, Best Buy’s main display table featured a virtual reality headset by Oculus Rift. No matter that the goggles were massive, awkward, heavy and extended your forehead by 6 inches, the technology was cool and apparently here to stay. True to its mission of making the latest technical gadgetry available to the masses, Best Buy stocked its shelves. If Best Buy had 3D headsets in stock, I reasoned, it was only a matter of time before every home and professional office had multiple sets as well. To 3D or Not to 3D? I bought into that idea, other companies did as well. For months, CivilGEO was a flurry of activity as we tried to implement 3D virtual reality functionality in the GeoHECRAS base product giving it 3D “virtual view.” The groundwork was laid, which means that programming for additional 3D ...

 India grow because millions of people move to cities faster than cities can build affordable homes. Cities lack enough cheap houses for the poor. Poor planning and rural poverty force migrants to build makeshift homes on free or unwanted land. Here are the main reasons why slums grow in India: Rural to Urban Migration: Millions of people leave villages to find jobs in big cities. Farming does not make enough money. People move to cities hoping for a better life. Lack of Cheap Housing: There are not enough low-cost homes for poor people. Building costs are high. Real estate companies only want to build luxury homes. This leaves the poor with no choice but to build temporary shacks. High Land Costs: City land is very expensive. Poor workers cannot buy land. They are forced to build shelters on empty public land, riverbanks, or near train tracks. Poor City Planning: Many cities do not plan ahead for growing populations. City leaders fail to set...

  Robot Engineers? You may lose your white-collar job to a robot sooner than you think. According to the IDC (International Data Corporation), a global provider of market intelligence and analysis, big changes in the U.S. workforce will happen quickly and at a scale you would never have expected. The IDC’s report, “IDC Future Scape: Worldwide Robotics 2017 Predictions” outlines several jarring projections, one of which is that by 2019, a hefty 35% of industries in health, commercial goods and utilities will use robotic automation in their operations. Nearly 40% of robots currently in use will be connected to a cloud network, increasing their efficiency and ability to access vast quantities of information. Not only will robots continue to play larger roles in manufacturing and service industries, but they will press forward in white-collar fields as well. Martin Ford talks about the implications of this scenario in his book, “Rise of the Robots.” He gives us an interesting p...

  A dumpy level is an optical surveying instrument used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal plane. It consists of a fixed telescope rigidly attached to a leveling head, supported by a vertical spindle and a tripod .   The essential component parts of a dumpy level are categorized into three main sections: [ 1 ] 1. Telescope Assembly Objective Lens: The front lens that gathers light from the target (usually a leveling staff) to form an image. Eyepiece: The lens the surveyor looks through to view and magnify the image and crosshairs. Diaphragm: A small ring inside the telescope that holds the crosshairs (horizontal and vertical) which align with the target. Focusing Screw: Used to adjust the clarity of the image on the crosshairs based on the distance to the staff. Sun Shade: A hood placed over the objective lens to block glare and shield the glass from dust or rain.   2. Leveling and Orientation Bubble Tubes (Spirit Levels): Typically includes a long...